中国水下考古又一里程碑式大发现！
11月21日凌晨，已沉没了150年的古船在上海长江口水域成功实施整体打捞，出水600余件文物。
长江口二号古船多波束声呐图
弧形梁穿梁现场
A 150-year-old shipwreck believed to be a treasure trove of cultural relics was successfully lifted from a riverbed near Shanghai early Monday morning in a high-tech salvage operation.
古船模拟图 图源：澎湃新闻该古船全名为长江口二号古船，是清代同治年间的一艘贸易商船。
The merchant ship, referred to as Yangtze River Estuary No 2 Ancient Vessel, dates back to the reign of Emperor Tongzhi (1862-1875) in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911).?
考古调查发现，这艘古船长约38.1米、宽约9.9米，有31个舱室，在舱内藏有景德镇窑瓷器等大量精美文物。
清同治景德镇窑青花变体灵芝纹小杯?图源：澎湃新闻According to archaeological investigations, the ship is about 38.1 meters long and 9.9 meters wide. It has 31 cabins and is loaded with exquisite cultural relics such as porcelain made in Jingdezhen, a world-famous "porcelain capital" in east China"s Jiangxi province.
船体及周围还出土了紫砂器、越南产水烟罐、滑轮、棕缆绳及其它建筑材料。
Also found on the vessel or scattered nearby it were purple clay objects, pots made in Vietnam, pulleys, cables and construction material.
十九世纪越南地区窑口青釉水烟罐?图源：澎湃新闻特别是出水的绿釉杯底书有“同治年制”款，为古船的断代提供了重要依据。
在此前的水下调查中，考古人员也发现了元代瓷器和高60厘米完整的豆青釉青花大瓶等大型整器，以及一批产自江苏宜兴窑陶瓷器。
清同治景德镇窑绿釉杯 图源：澎湃新闻考古学家认为，古船的打捞也有助于研究清朝年间的陶瓷和经济发展史。
Archaeologists believe its excavation could also contribute to the studies of ceramic and economic history in the Qing Dynasty.
上海市文物保护研究中心副主任翟杨谈道，大量船上生活物品展现了清代晚期商船航行与船上生活的生动画面，是当时船舶社会的实物反映；古船船货丰富，为研究中国近代经济贸易史、长江黄金水道航运史和近代海上丝绸之路提供了重要资料。
清同治青花团龙纹杯 图源：澎湃新闻上海博物馆馆长褚晓波在央视直播中说，这艘古船承载了如此之多的历史信息，就如同还原了一幅《清明上河图》。
Chu Xiaobo, director of Shanghai Museum, said in a CCTV livestream that the shipwreck contains so much historical information that it is equivalent to the long scroll painting Along the River during Qingming Festival, a revered painting that depicts daily life during the 11th and 12th centuries in China.
在2015年的一次水下考古调查时，古船被发现于上海市崇明区横沙岛东北部浅滩水下，船体埋藏于海床下5.5米。历时七年水下调查与打捞，长江口二号终于重见天日。
国家文物局表示，长江口二号古船是我国水下考古发现的体量最大、保存最为完整、船载文物数量巨大的木质帆船。
The ship has been described by the Heritage Administration as "the largest and best-preserved sunken wooden sailboat in China"s underwater archaeological findings, with a huge number of cultural relics on board".
11月21日清晨拍摄的“奋力”轮“怀抱”古船的画面（无人机照片） 图源：新华社上海市文物局局长方世忠表示，长江口二号古船的发现“印证了上海是一个历史悠久的港口城市，更是近代上海作为东亚乃至世界贸易和航运中心的珍贵历史见证。”
Fang Shizhong, director of the Shanghai Cultural Heritage Administration, said that the discovery of the ancient boat "proves Shanghai"s position as an important shipping and maritime commerce center for East Asia and even the whole world."
据悉，几天后，长江口二号古船将被带入杨浦上海船厂旧址1号船坞，开启文物保护与考古发掘新阶段。
编辑：陈月华
实习生：王潇雨
来源：新华社 中国日报 澎湃新闻 光明日报
